Author: Consequent Ideas

Faith… is confidence or trust in a person, thing, or concept. In the context of religion, one can define faith as confidence or trust in a particular system of religious belief. Religious people often think of faith as confidence based on a perceived degree of warrant, while others who are more skeptical of religion tend to think of faith as simply belief without evidence.

– Wikipedia

Yes. To all of this. Wikipedia’s summary of faith is the most accurate description I’ve ever heard of any term, particularly a term with varying views. It denotes what faith is while connoting the depth of contrasting viewpoints.

I further appreciate the “often” and “tend” language of the last sentence because I’ve met many people who thought opposite what their role would indicate. I have met religious folk who are hostile to the notion of supporting their beliefs with evidence. I have also met those without faith who pointed out a great deal of evidence in its favor, one even crying out in frustration, upset at lacking the faith even though it it all “makes sense.”

Faith is Necessary for Salvation

He who believes and is baptized will be saved; but he who does not believe will be condemned.

– Jesus in Mark 16:16

So… that’s pretty straightforward. It gets a little complicated later, but the assertion alone seems plain as day. This assertion is echoed in John as well as the epistles.

Faith is a Gift from God

Faith is a gift of God, a supernatural virtue infused by Him.

– Catechism of the Catholic Church

This entire segment of the Catechism is interesting to read, but this is the specific part relevant to this subtopic. I highly recommend perusing it further. It references a few Bible verses; below is the most apropos.

Blessed are you, Simon Bar-Jona! For flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father who is in heaven.

– Jesus in Matthew 16:17

Jesus asked who the apostles thought He was. Peter responded, saying Jesus is the Messiah, the Christ, the Son of God – the One the Jewish people had been waiting for as a fulfillment of the covenant made centuries past. God made a promise, and Peter’s response to the inquiry was that God was making good on His promise. Peter showed that he trusted God at His word by believing that Jesus is Who He says He is.

This was the faith of Peter. Jesus points out that it’s not Peter himself who figured it out; rather, God did. God pointed out the reality to Peter, granting Peter faith. God gave Peter the faith to trust in His promises, including the fulfillment of the covenant in Jesus.

The Circular Debate on Faith as a Gift from God

For by grace you have been saved through faith; and this is not your own doing, it is the gift of God.

– Ephesians 2:8

This verse has generated contentious debate about whether faith is a gift from God or whether the “it” instead refers to grace or salvation. Both faith and grace make great candidates as the “it” as the antecedent basis was set in the previous half-sentence; salvation also makes for a great candidate because it’s the topic of the letter. As such, “it” may refer to any of the three: faith, grace, or salvation.

As my brother would say, “I’mma simple potatah fahmah from Maine; I like simple.” Feel free to delve into the depths of theology, but for the time being, I’ll pass. Why?

It’s a moot point. Here’s why:

These are the the venue options suggested by various interpretations of the passage. Regardless of the path taken, the start point is the same and the end point is the same. The order and clumping-or-not of stuff in the middle is just gravy.

“Gift + Necessity:” Why This Debate Matters

It’s pretty clear that, one way or another, to be saved (or simply to not be condemned) requires faith. Faith is a gift from God that we may join Him at the end of our Earthly lives. God loves all of His children and wants all of us to be saved and join Him in heaven. However, some are given the gift of faith and others are not. Why?

I can’t fully answer that, but I do have an analogy. Faith is beyond belief; it requires works. Not for God, mind you, but for us: if we don’t put works into our faith, it will grow stale and die out.

Think of it like tending a literal fire. We have to prepare the wood fuel and add to it as the fire depletes it, eventually needing to go out and either purchase or cut down timber to feed the fire. We pile up the timber and the kindling – our works – but we still just have a pile of flammable stuff. At some point, prepared or not, God comes along with a flint and gives us a spark.

Excellent! Awesome, right? But there’s a “catch” of needing to continue to feed the fire. One spark is all it takes, but we need to nurture the spark into a full blaze and continue to feed it once it is burning. If we fail to feed the fire, it will slowly peter out as it depletes the wood.

Our faith is the same way. Maybe God struck the flint and the target person decided to stamp out the flicker of light; maybe they let it catch, but then severed it from the pile of fuel; maybe the pile was intentionally not built. Regardless, God gave us the spark we needed to get started, but it’s up to us to keep the fire burning.

Summary

Faith is trust in something or someone. It’s not (generally) blind, instead wisely depending on various data to determine whether something is true. The more we build up a knowledge of the whys, the sturdier our foundations of faith will be.

It’s really a wonder that I haven’t dropped all my ideals, because they seem so absurd and impossible to carry out. Yet I keep them, because in spite of everything, I still believe that people are really good at heart.

– Anne Frank, Diary of a Young Girl

What do you think about faith? How do you exercise your faith, whether it’s in God, loved ones, society, or anything else you place trust in?

Further Reading

• The Catechism of the Catholic Church has a couple of great sections on faith, specifically in the Profession of Faith (in which the importance of faith is delineated) and Life in Christ (in which the virtues are explained) sub(^2)sections.
  
  More on the debate about whether or not faith is a gift:
• Bibliotheca Sacra offers an intriguing article which makes some great points but also stumbles on some critical ones; I enjoyed the insight but ultimately disagree with the conclusion. (First, because it’s both and the way the question is asked prevents that answer. Second, because everything is ultimately a gift from God. #TrumpCard.)
• Apologetics Press offers a similar dissection of the topic but with the addition of a key word which makes the argument more cogent: “Faith is not a direct gift from God.”

Patientia – patience, endurance, forbearance

– WordHippo

That’s Three Different Things…

You’re right. Translations between languages are imprecise: English may have a word for something that Latin doesn’t (what would the Romans call a computer or a telephone?), and Latin has terms that English doesn’t quite capture. The same in-equality of translation exists with modern language; that’s why we sometimes borrow words and insert them as-is. Schadenfreude, for example, is often dropped into American English conversation; it’s a German word referring to the enjoyment someone gets from the misfortune of another.

But What Is Patientia?

It’s an amalgamation of the three words: patience, endurance, and forbearance. Let’s look at each in turn, then put them together.

What Constitutes Patience?

Patience (or forbearance) is the ability to endure difficult circumstances such as perseverance in the face of delay; tolerance of provocation without responding in annoyance/anger; or forbearance when under strain, especially when faced with longer-term difficulties. Patience is the level of endurance one can have before negativity. It is also used to refer to the character trait of being steadfast. Antonyms include hastiness and impetuousness.

– Wikipedia

Patience is staying the course during the wait. It looks more like I looked up perseverence than patience; I think of standing fast for patience and pressing on for perseverance, a notable difference between the two. Wiki seems to conflate them.

Wikipedia also describes it as “before negativity.” Part of patience – or at least learning to be patient – is holding on when faced with negativity. Sometimes it intermixes with us, poisoning our thoughts, yet we manage to stay the course, withholding harshness by sheer force of will. Even moreso, this is precisely what makes someone patient: confronting negativity and refusing to participate.

I want a second opinion. Let’s check out a dictionary.

Patience: the capacity to accept or tolerate delay, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset.

– Oxford dictionary

Ha-ha! I feel vindicated; there’s no mention of not being effected by the negativity, just that it isn’t allowed to push one into upset.

What About Endurance?

Endurance: the ability to endure an unpleasant or difficult process or situation without giving way; the capacity of something to last or to withstand wear and tear.

– Oxford dictionary

Something is un-fun, yet the one who endures makes it through.

This isn’t so much about a state of mind as it is standing a ground, remaining firm despite adversity.

Endurance is also used for long-haul exercises: if you can keep moving forward for an extended period of time despite the strenuous phyical and mental effort required, you have some measure of endurance. With respect to running, if you can run a marathon, you clearly have endurance; if you can run a supermarathon, you have even more endurance; if you can run from the French Quarter across the Pontchartrain Causeway and back for a Cafe au Lait, you’re superhuman. (Not the least of which for surviving the traffic; there isn’t designated pedestrian space, and I doubt its even allowed. Please do not attempt!)

And Forbearance?

Forbearance: patient self-control; restraint and tolerance.

– Oxford dictionary

Bingo! The restraint piece, the self-control component, is key. For something to be an exercise in patience, one must be tempted yet decide against the short-term want for the long-term goal.

And the Planet?

Shout out to all the space nerds: there’s a “minor planet” (a really big asteroid) named Patientia in the asteroid belt. The more you know!

Space: the final frontier!

Departing from the asteroid, back to the virtue…

Where’s Patience in the Bible?

I’m glad you asked! There are several references to patience; here are a few:

• Exodus 14:14
• Psalm 37:7
• Proverbs 14:29
• Proverbs 16: 32
• Habakkuk 2:3
• Philippians 4:5
• Romans 5:3-5
• Romans 8:25
• Romans 12:12
• Colossians 3:12
• Galatians 6:9

Rejoice in your hope, be patient in tribulation, be constant in prayer.

– Romans 12:12

Summary

Retain peace while traversing difficult times; exercise self-control and restraint to stay at peace through the turbulence. We will face turbulence; that’s part of life; holding on to the peace of Christ is what we are called to do while navigating the storm. Hold fast, stay the course, and keep your eyes steady on the goal.

Further Reading

• For the lingophiles, here’s a list of unranslatable words from Global Lingo; my favorites include arigata-meiwaku (Japanese), uffda (Swedish), and l’esprit de l’escalier (French).

Ira:
Anger, wrath, rage, fury, ire;
Anger, resentment, rage, wrath, indignation, fury, violence, bad blood

– WordHippo; World of Dictionary

What is Ira? What Constitutes Anger?

Anger: a strong feeling of annoyance, displeasure, or hostility.

– Oxford dictionary

Anger. What do you think of when you think of anger?

Sometimes people fly off the handle, maybe flailing and hurling insults, maybe growling and throwing lamps. Many times, the images that come to mind are raging attackers – a crazed Mafioso or an abusive partner. And of course, there are plenty of movies with scenes of wrath and destruction.

Hulk smash!

– Bruce Banner as The Hulk,
any (Marvel) movie with the Hulk in it

I have a rather odd relationship with anger. Whereas others often describe anger as a controlling emotion, I think of it as my control emotion: when I’m feeling something I don’t want to surface, I used to call on anger to block it. (I noticed I haven’t done this recently – meaning I’ve been more prone to crying, something much more uncomfortable for me.)

For example, if someone were to unjustifiably attack my character, I may rage back instead of admitting to feeling cornered and frightened. It’s a rather brilliant defense mechanism because either emotion could be valid, so a simple swap of symptoms covers the perceived weakness well. I would rather display (what I know to be controlled) anger than real hurt because real hurt means real weakness and real weakness means a future target to an assailant.

How do you view anger? To me, anger is a shield. I’ve seen it used as a weapon, but it’s such a blunt instrument that I don’t understand why people would intentionally use it as such. Any time my anger has wanted to act as a weapon, I’ve snapped at it: Stop being stupid. But as a shield, I at least feel in control.

Is Anger Always Bad?

No; God exhibits anger in various places throughout the Bible, and we know that God is good and allows no bad to dwell in Him.

Examples of God’s Anger:

God is a righteous judge,
and a God who has indignation every day.

– Psalm 7:11

~

The Lord was very angry with Israel, and removed them out of his sight; none was left but the tribe of Judah only.

– 2 Kings 17:18

Apparently it’s not always bad for us, either. Check out what Saint Paul wrote to the Ephesians:

Be angry but do not sin; do not let the sun go down on your anger.
Let all bitterness and wrath and anger and clamor and slander be put away from you.

– Ephesians 4:26, 31

However, We Should Typically Avoid Anger

There are so many verses warning against anger throughout the entire Bible. Jesus speaks against wrath, saying to make amends with the people you’re fighting with before making any offering to God. Here are some major points:

Refrain from anger, and forsake wrath!
Fret not yourself; it tends only to evil.

– Psalm 37:8

~

He who is slow to anger has great understanding, but he who has a hasty temper exalts folly.

– Proverbs 14:29

~

A fool gives full vent to his anger,
but a wise man quietly holds it back.

– Proverbs 29:11

~

Be not quick to anger, for anger lodges in the bosom of fools.

– Ecclesiastes 7:9

~

The anger of man does not work the righteousness of God.

– James 1:20

~

“But I say to you that every one who is angry with his brother shall be liable to judgment; whoever insults his brother shall be liable to the council, and whoever says, ‘You fool!’ shall be liable to the hell of fire.”

– Jesus in Matthew 5:22

What’s the Difference Between Sinful and Non-Sinful Anger?

We are called to “peace of heart,” denouncing murderous anger and hatred because they are immoral. This is derived from the fifth commandment, you shall not steal; it also stems from the latter commandments (6-10) as well as the second of the two new commands Jesus gave us:

“Which commandment is the first of all?”
Jesus answered, “The first is, ‘Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God, the Lord is one; 30 and you shall love the Lord your God with all your heart, and with all your soul, and with all your mind, and with all your strength.’ 31 The second is this, ‘You shall love your neighbor as yourself.’ There is no other commandment greater than these.”

– Mark 12:28-31

The line drawn in the Catechism is that anger is a mortal sin if it “reaches the point of a deliberate desire to kill or seriously wound a neighbor.” So, for example, saying exasperatedly, “I could kill him!” probably doesn’t rise to the level of mortal sin, but being to the point of intentionally wanting someone dead or seriously injured (with or without a verbal cue) is a mortal sin.

Interestingly, the Church includes “or seriously wound” as a mortal sin. I’ve heard on many occasions people say they wouldn’t want so-and-so dead, just, you know, run over by a bus or something. The Catechism goes on to explain that deliberately wishing evil – of any gravity, as no adjectives are used – is contrary to God’s desires and is thus sinful. It appears that the more grave the harm intended, the graver the sin, but any intention of harm is sinful. Before reading this segment of the Catechism, I wouldn’t have thought anything of it; now, I’m thinking I need to do an examination of conscience and perhaps make proper reconciliation before receiving Jesus in the Eucharist.

Summary

Anger is a deadly sin because it triggers other sins. Being angry is not in itself sinful, but wishing any harm is. (The Catechism follows Jesus’s lead in speaking about others, but Jesus loves you, too, so don’t wish any harm on yourself, either.) Deliberately desiring death or serious injury is a mortal sin. In short, be loving even when understanding may be beyond reach; don’t give evil a foothold to crawl in by poisoning yourself with anger.

What do you think? Has your perspective on anger changed at all? How do you keep from being angry?

Further Reading

• The Catholic Exchange offers insight on Recognizing Sinful Anger
• We are called to act, not react, as explained by the good folk at Got Questions: What does the Bible say about anger?

If the angels were capable of envy, they would envy us for two things: one is the receiving of Holy Communion, and the other is suffering.

Saint Maria Faustina Kowalska

Angelic Jealousy

That’s an interesting premise, isn’t it? Envy is unique to humans – neither animals nor angels possess the capability of envy. Also, the thought that angels would be jealous of humanity seems absurd to me: fighting a constant war waged to stave off evil while waiting for God’s perfect timing on the final battle. The tasks are varied, some fight with swords whereas others bandage warriors and still others keep the spirits of Earthly soldiers up, but everything goes toward the goal of the ultimate fight.

(Quick side bar: angels were given wings, humans were given free will [and the emotions and everything else that accompanies it] instead. We’re different in other ways, but this is the biggest one.)

The first of these two is pretty obvious: if angels can’t receive the Eucharist, they can’t receive Jesus in as full and complete a way as humans can. Catholics in good standing are invited to consume Jesus – body, blood, soul, and divinity – daily. (Daily! We’re required to do so on the Sabbath and other consecrated days, but we’re invited to eat Jesus daily!)

Hope in the Suffering

This level of closeness with God, with the Son of Man – it makes sense that someone who loves God but can’t receive Holy Communion would be jealous. But suffering? Saint-Pope John Paul II both lived serious suffering and wrote about its meaning. Here’s where I “date” myself: I can’t even. I can’t even fathom what he went through let alone figure out how he found purpose in the pain. I’m not there yet; hopefully eventually, but for right now, I’m in progress. He went further, writing that he finds not only purpose in the pain, but also hope.

I often find myself saying, with no trace of melancholy, a prayer recited by priests after the celebration of the Eucharist:
In hora mortis meae voca me, et iube me venire ad te—at the hour of my death, call me and bid me come to you.
This is a prayer of Christian hope, which in no way detracts from the joy of the present, while entrusting the future to God’s gracious and loving care.

Saint Pope John Paul II, Letter … to the Elderly

Hope. Hope is peeking through the window of our suffering because, even if we don’t know why we’re enduring it, we know it has to end at some point. But I’m still searching for something more. Thankfully, Saint-Pope JP-II isn’t the only one who speaks about hope in the darkness; Martin Luther King Junior added something to the conversation that strikes me directly.

Reason for the Darkness

Only when it is dark enough can you see the stars.

Dr. Martin Luther King Junior, I’ve Been to the Mountaintop

This, this I understand. There is reason for the darkness of night. Growing up, one of my fondest memories is of walking in the yard at night, snow piled up on either side of my path, and simply appreciating the stillness and the stars. For a short while, it seemed that I was the only movement anywhere; even just thinking of the experience fills me with peace.

It’s also biologically beneficial for us to sleep in the dark: it not only preserves our circadian rhythm, but it also defends against diabetes, depression, and cancer. So many benefits from sleeping in darkness!

We have a natural need for the darkness. In the same way, we have a natural need for metaphorical darkness: how could we find the Light if we weren’t surrounded by darkness? And the farther we get from the Light, the darker it needs to get for us to find the Light.

Think about it: if you walk into a well-lit room at high noon, will you even notice if someone is cradling a lit candle? Contrast this with attending an Easter Vigil Mass: we start in the dark of night, in a dark sanctuary, and just one candle is lit. That one candle is visible from anywhere in the building as well as through the windows to anyone standing outside.

Ahhh! I’m getting tingles just thinking about it!

Summary: Hope -> Humanitas = Invidia Counter

Invidia, or envy, is unjustified wanting of something that belongs to another. Humanitas, or kindness and gratitude, counters envy because it calls on us to recognize the inherent dignity of people and act accordingly. Hope inspires us to look for reasons to be grateful; we have our eyes on the prize, and we know that having come so far, we’re that much closer to the goal. Thus, hope helps us with gratitude, which helps us with kindness. Each of these things, severally and together, fight against envy because who has time to be jealous when you’re counting your blessings?

What do you think? What keeps you hopeful, grateful, and kind? Leave me your tips in the comments!

Concentrate on counting your blessings and you’ll have little time to count anything else.

Woodrow Kroll

Song of the Day: Run Devil Run by Crowder

This song has been described as caffeine for your ears. It’s one of my favorites, especially when I need to re-energize my gratitude machine.

Further Reading:

• An amazing person uses Twitter to share the joy of puppies. This is potentially the cutest of the bunch.
• What does Bob Dylan have to do with the Eucharist? This excellent article explains one person’s journey with the real presence of Jesus at Holy Communion: The Eucharist Really Is Jesus
• Saint Pope John Paul II wrote the Salvici Doloris (literally, “Saving Suffering“)

Hope [is] a combination of the desire for something and expectation of receiving it, the virtue is hoping for Divine union and so eternal happiness… hope is an act of the will.

Wikipedia

Hope is future-focused, looking forward to a positive outcome. Maybe we hope to do well in an interview or on a test, to meet with friends at our favorite hangout spot this weekend, to have time for a nap, or simply that it won’t snow today.

Wikipedia appears to attribute confidence in the desired result, so I dug into “expectation.” The check on my understanding of the term was warranted because the belief “may or may not be realistic.” Perfect; I was muddled in the middle but knew enough to check myself. (Reminds me of calculus.)

To hope is to recognize possibility.

Commander William Riker, Star Trek: The Next Generation

Quit the Snow Talk! (*Peeks Out Window.* Not Yet!)

Okay then. What are you hoping for?

Are you a sports fan longing for your team to take home a trophy? Are you excited about a potential new gig or an annual bonus? Have you discovered something recently and you’re eager to delve into it with the expectation that it will be precisely what you’ve been searching for?

Hoping for Earthly Things Helps in the Long Run

The virtue of hope responds to the aspiration to happiness which God has placed in the heart of every man; it takes up the hopes that inspire men’s activities and purifies them so as to order them to the Kingdom of heaven; it keeps man from discouragement; it sustains him during times of abandonment; it opens up his heart in expectation of eternal beatitude.

Catechism of the Catholic Church, #1818

We’re called to be hopeful for the Kingdom (with a capital K). Given that it’s been about 2,000 years since Jesus announced how we can hope to enter it, we may be feeling a little worn and weary. There are probably days when we wonder if it’s ever going to happen. (Recently, I’ve started having this prayer discussion which includes a line like, “Not yet, please; I’d like to help somehow before the swords are drawn.”) I’ve also found that I am repeatedly running into a quote I posted yesterday (on the radio, on the lips of friends, randomly popping up into my head): He never said it’d be easy, just that it’d be worth it.

But that doesn’t make it easier on the daily, does it? Here’s a trick that I didn’t realize until it was pointed out – at which point I quickly recognized how true it is: practice makes it easier. We can practice hope in the Kingdom, hope in Jesus, and hope in God’s promises by hoping in things here. It’s like smiling: if you’re stuck in a negative mental space, force a smile until it feels real, then keep smiling until you believe it is real.

It’s a feed-forward loop: the act of smiling “magically” releases dopamine, endorphins, and serotonin thereby elevating the smiler’s mood and toting with it various health benefits. Feeling happy is easier when we smile – even if we didn’t want to smile in the first place.

Similarly, when we are hopeful about things immediately before us, it’s easier for us to be hopeful overall. This, in turn, increases our “hope” ability, making the more daunting hoping seem more doable.

But What If It Fails?

What if we hope in something that doesn’t come true? It hurts. That’s part of life. Without the pain, we wouldn’t be able to grasp the pleasure because duality is part of our human nature. Part of understanding the “positive” is understanding the “negative.” (And I place these in quotation marks because they may be one or the other in the short run then switch roles when we’re not watching.)

Here’s the flip side: with hope, we dare to strive. In striving, we might succeed. Without hope, we daren’t strive, so we daren’t succeed; there is only a chance of success if we hope.

It is because of hope that you suffer.
It is through hope that you’ll change things.

Maxime Lagacé

The feed-forward loop isn’t just for us, though. When we strive, even if we fail, others will be watching and they will be encouraged to give it a go. By daring to try, we can be the inspiration for someone else, lighting a candle for them to see, to follow, and to ignite their spark.

Short Story of the Day

I played football in high school; since then, it’s simply felt like a feather in my cap: I was the only girl who played on the team, the only one in the entire state at the time. (I earned my varsity letter, too, thank you very much!) While I was in high school, it went both ways: some random people would walk up to shake my hand and tell me how inspirational I was, and other random people would get up in my face about how I was a disgrace to womanhood. Meh. I took the good with the bad, all of it with a grain of salt. If my playing a game helped someone, great! If it makes someone hate me, their loss. Well before my varsity letter, I earned steely skin.

I played for four years. In the beginning (especially while “looking forward to” triple-double practices), it was difficult; I clung to hope that I could do it despite the tough talk of the people around me. I didn’t know what to expect, but I gave it my all – and I did a pretty darn good job. It was a great experience, and I’m glad I did it, but it was mentally grueling to face people who had an opinion – any opinion, positive or negative – on my playing football and being female. Just let me play!

Since graduating, I only think of it during icebreakers (“Tell us one interesting fact about you,”) or if the topic of high school football specifically comes up. It’s a part of me as much as math team, jazz ensemble, and class competition (Penny Drive, anyone?) orchestrating, but no more than anything else that was unique to my high school experience.

For I know the plans I have for you, says the Lord, plans for welfare and not for evil, to give you a future and a hope.

Jeremiah 29:11

Recently, my family visited with family friends who moved across the continent. One of our friends was a year behind me in school and now teaches martial arts and orchestrates the best tournaments in the region. She’s awesome. (Sidenote: don’t try to mug her; you’ll lose.) While I’m marveling at the cool stuff she’s doing, she looks up at me to tell me that my playing high school football continues to inspire her. Sometimes, when she’s having a rough day, she thinks about what I went through in high school football to help her regain her footing in hope.

Talk about humbling! This (literally and figuratively) kick-butt woman telling me that I inspire her! With something I hardly ever think about!

How about you? Which sparks are you sending off? There are probably a bunch that you don’t even know about! What are you presenting to the world? How are you offering hope to others, sustaining them or even jumping their batteries?

Hope does not disappoint us, because God’s love has been poured into our hearts through the Holy Spirit who has been given to us.

Romans 5:5

Song of the Day: Anchor by Skillet

Wonder what I listen to while researching and writing? Well, today started with online radio. Then I was in and out of the room doing chores when this song came on; I stopped the radio, immediately looked it up, and have been listening to it on repeat since. Check it out – especially if you’re having a rough day. You’re welcome. 😉

Further Reading:

• Great news! I found another online Catechism of the Catholic Church – one without a background that hinders readership. Enjoy!
• CatholiCity offers a simplified (reader-friendly) Catechism. Here’s the section on the theological virtues.
• I discovered an awesome blog covering various issues of interest with a faith perspective. The articles are solid, the writing is excellent, and the author is real. Men, this one’s for you – but ladies can get a lot out of it, too: Catholic Gentleman’s Guide.

Summary

Hope: we’re called to hope in the Kingdom. God gives us plenty of opportunity to practice with things more tangible to our human senses. What have you been hoping on lately? What are you hopeful for in the future? Please let us know in the comments!

Humanitas – kindness, courtesy; humanity, human nature
Kindness – charitable behavior
Courtesy – polite behavior; willingness or generosity in providing something needed

Wiktionary: Humanitas, Kindness, and Courtesy

What is Humanitas?

Humanitas means courtesy, or kindness. Cicero invented the term “to describe a good human.” The attributes of humanitas fall in line with the mos maiorum, the unwritten social code of Rome, by incorporating Greek philanthrôpía (love of humanity) and paideia (holistic education) with benevolentia (benevolence). (<Insert “It’s-all-Greek-to-me” joke here.>) Paideia fits with the other Greek terms because it specifically emphasizes socialization of the educated in addition to the reading-writing-arithmetic curriculum.

Basically, while humanitas was used as a catch-all for desired social behavior, it connotes acting benevolently toward others out of the dignity of personhood. In other words, we as human beings have intrinsic dignity, and we ought to treat each other with the dignity we deserve.

Digression: Kindness Inherent to Human Nature – Language and Science Geek-Out

The jury’s still hotly debating this, but humanitas indicates a oneness between kindness and human nature. By human standards, courtesy seems intricately connected with our humanity. The English language contributes to this unconscious recognition: when something is “cruel, sadistic, or barbaric,” it is inhuman (or inhumane). Some very intelligent people believe people are not fundamentally good because the second law of thermodynamics insists on progression toward chaos. Ancient linguists either pre-emptively attacked this theory or built a mechanism to slow the decline of humanity by building a contrapositive proof into our speech.

Aside: I love language, and I love science, and I love when these two topics come together.

My opinion: entropy is real, but our existence proves it isn’t the strongest force in the universe. If it were, our species would have died out long ago from entropic decline – and that’s assuming organisms would have developed into multi-cellular structures in the first place. The fact that we, complicated organisms with complicated organs performing complicated functions, exist insists chaos does not overwhelm our nature. Thus, humans can be innately good: we are innately good creatures who learn to be lesser as life progresses typically by chasing some goal that diminishes us as we approach it.

Analogy: we come out of the factory as brand new, flawless cars. We drive our perfect little vehicles around, maybe leveling up with new rims and other upgrades. Eventually, regardless of our model, we need to pause for an oil change and other maintenance. This isn’t because the factory messed up; rather, it’s because we’re wearing the vehicle down with proper use. And what’s the point of having a car but letting it rot in a garage to stave off maintenance?

Kindness and Courtesy

Kindness – the quality of being friendly, generous, and considerate; a kind act
Courtesy – the showing of politeness in one’s attitude and behaviour towards others; considerate remark or action

Oxford dictionary, Kindness and Courtesy

Regardless of how natural or unnatural kindness and courtesy may be, these are traits virtue calls on us to lean on, particularly when we’re feeling a little downtrodden.

Being kind helps the kind person – often more than it helps the one we are being kind to. Have you ever been in a bad place mentally, be it an awful mood or stuck thinking about the current obstacles in your path, and opted to do something kind for someone else? It does wonders for your mental placement.

Kindness Impacts Life: A Relevant Story

I had a day recently where I felt paralyzed from mounting pressures, expectations, and fears. It’s rare for me to wake up in such a state, but it happened – and on a day I was pre-determined to attend daily Mass. I woke up hours early, tossing and turning in bed well before my alarm, trying to go back to sleep, to ignore the day; I didn’t want anything to do with anyone, and I certainly didn’t feel worthy to attend Mass. (Who am I, anyway, to witness Jesus in His crucifixion and triumph?) But it was nagging at me: I promised to go today, worthy or not. Finally, I crankily (and defeatedly) rolled out of bed, got ready, and went to the chapel with a set plan to keep my eyes on the floor.

There’s a gentleman who holds the door for everyone entering the chapel for Mass. I say thank you and keep on my way, but I always make eye contact as it seems rude to not make eye contact when saying thank you. It was such a simple courtesy that it doesn’t even seem like a kindness, but he took it as a kindness; that felt as though he pulled me up a few rungs on the ladder so I could see out of my hole. I wasn’t out of it, but I could see the path forward.

Jesus never said it would be easy, but He said it would be worth it!
(“The gate is narrow and the way is hard that leads to life.“)

Scripture Truth via Twitter referencing
Jesus in Matthew 7:14

This interaction – not his holding the door, but my courteous response to his kindness (and realizing that he noticed I scrounged the energy to look up) – dragged me over the lip of the pit when originally I couldn’t find the wall to even start climbing. It was still a difficult day, but witnessing that I managed decency – as battered, broken, and defeated as I was – gave me a glimpse of hope because it certainly wasn’t me who pulled that off.

If anybody’s wondering how I can know God exists, it’s instances like this: I didn’t have it in me to be decent, but decency came out of me anyway. Jesus acted decently through me when I didn’t have the wherewithal to do it myself. The simple fact that He used me as an instrument, even in a small way… I found it shocking because He used such a degenerate tool to good ends: why didn’t He use a shiny, well-polished one instead?

My grace is sufficient for you, for my power is made perfect in weakness.

2 Corinthians 12:9

I am again reminded of Judges 7: Gideon had gathered an army to march against the Midianites (the oppressors of Israel) and God repeatedly sent soldiers home because the army was too strong. (First, 32,000 was too many; then, 10,000 was too many; finally, 300 was just perfect… to defeat 135,000 Midianite soldiers!) God wasn’t interested in smashing the enemy with the greatest numbers because then the people Israel would not have had reason to recognize God’s handiwork.

Likewise, when I’m having a string of great, 32,000-power days, I think it’s all me being awesome, conquering all 135,000 problems on my own. On my good days, why would I think I need help from any external power? When the bad, 300-power days hit, though… Seriously, if I’m even remotely kind, I know in my heart that it’s God working through me because 300-power isn’t enough to bother opening my eyes by myself.

Summary: Humanitas, Kindness, and Courtesy

Humanitas, kindness, and courtesy boil down to treating each other with dignity simply because people inherently have dignity. We should treat others well not because we want to be treated well; rather, we should treat people well because it is right to treat them well.

What do you think of when asked about kindness and courtesy? Did the Romans get it right? What are your thoughts about the dignity of people and how we should treat others? Let us know in the comments!

Invidia – envy; from invidere, “to look against, to look in a hostile manner;” pain experienced at the sight of [another’s] wealth, prestige, or authority
Envy – an emotion which “occurs when a person lacks another’s superior quality, achievement, or possession and either desires it or wishes that the other lacked it;” pain at the sight of another’s good fortune.

Wikipedia, Invidia and Envy

What is Invidia? What Constitutes Envy?

Invidia – envy/jealousy/spite/ill will; hate/hatred/dislike; use of words/acts to arouse
Envy – (noun) a feeling of discontented or resentful longing aroused by someone else’s possessions, qualities, or luck; (verb) desire to have a quality, possession, or other desirable thing belonging to (someone else)

Latdict (Invidia) and Oxford (Envy) dictionaries

Invidia is Latin for envy. Most of us have been envious of someone at some point; whether it be traits or possessions of another person, most of us have wanted that which was not ours and felt resentment over it. Wanting more seems to be a common and natural human trait, and using what someone else has or can do to spark inspiration is a great thing. However, we should take precautions against letting that inspiration and want fester into a wound of resentment.

Wanting more is fine, and being inspired by others is great, but we need to use proper framing – a healthy dose of gratitude for where we are, what we have, and the opportunities before us – to prevent us from falling into bad mental habits such as resentment of others. Without recognizing how well we have it, it’s easy to fall into the trap of trying to keep up with the Joneses rather than striving toward the greatness we are called to.

Always be a first-rate version of yourself, instead of a second-rate version of somebody else.

Judy Garland

Reeling us back in, invidia (envy) is resentment resulting from someone else’s good fortune or the desire to have (or strip them of) their particular good fortune. It’s one of the deadly sins.

But God is Jealous!

Something that strikes me as incredibly frustrating: we are repeatedly warned against envy in the Bible, but God refers to Himself as jealous when issuing the ten commandments of the covenant. I can’t even hide behind semantics: one of the Latin words used shows that His is a different kind of jealousy, but another term used is precisely the word we are warned against in Proverbs. Here:

Noli adorare deum alienum Dominus Zelotes nomen eius Deus est aemulator:
Adore not any strange god. The Lord His name is Jealous, he is a jealous God.

Exodus 34:14 (Vulgate)

From this, we can translate the terms until we figure out which one is associated with “jealousy.” Given that “His name” is a proper noun, it sticks out as the only term capitalized that isn’t Lord or God.

Zelotes – one who is jealous; who loves with jealously (God); who loves with zeal (Ecc)

Latdict dictionary

However, in addition, we also have “aemulator.” This translates to emulator or imitator, but paring it down to its base, we find it means jealous. This is the exact same term used in the warning against envy in Proverbs:

Non aemuletur cor tuum peccatores sed in timore Domini esto tota die:
Let not thy heart envy sinners: but be thou in the fear of the Lord all the day long.

Proverbs 23:17 (Vulgate)

This is difficult for me to wrap my head around because I don’t associate God with any sins – particularly not the deadly sins – so why is the same exact term used in warning to us to not do precisely how God describes Himself? Doesn’t this disturb the senses? I got the feeling there’s already a term paper on this, so I looked around. I’m convinced but not enthralled with the answers I’ve been able to find so far: context.

Justified Jealousy

When God refers to Himself as jealous, He is guarding that which rightly belongs to Him: worship. In contrast, when we refer to the sin of envy, we resent something that (rightly) belongs to another person: fame, fortune, looks, abilities, treatment, stuff, stuff, and other stuff. This world owes us nothing, so wanting for anything is unjust and thus sinful. A couple of Reddit users explain it in their own words:

If I was holy, and worthy of all praise and adoration then it would be permissible for me to be jealous when worship that should be reserved for me was misplaced. However, I am a sinful man, worthy of worship from no one. Therefore, jealousy is sin for me because its an unjustified resentment. With God this is not so. His jealousy is justified as He is actually due our adoration.

JoelKizz

JoelKizz‘s statement is very accurate, but it is also so pointed as to require extrapolation: I don’t expect (or want) anyone to worship me; maybe some want to be worshiped, so they will find it applicable, but I’m not interested in it. Still, this example provides a base to extrapolate from, regardless of what we expect or want. Again, pick your poison: fame, fortune, looks, abilities, treatment, or stuff; it all shakes out the same: if it isn’t rightly ours, we have no right to be jealous of it.

Jealousy is not envy. Jealousy is being protective of what you already possess, which is a good trait. Envy is the resentment caused by desiring what someone else possesses.

Zyracksis

Zyracksis takes the shotgun approach: broader and with less precision – including more friendly fire. I proffer being protective of what you have is not always a good trait, and that there are other nuances the first sentence fails to take into consideration. However, I found this helpful with developing an understanding of the topic and in the context of the full conversation.

Summary: Invidia and Envy

The sin of envy is unjustly wanting something that belongs to another resulting in discontent and resentment. That something could be material (such as a car) or immaterial (such as a position) or anything in between (such as a clothing size – I’m not sure where that fits… Did I mention I enjoy puns?). God is jealous of our time, attention, and worship – but He deserves all of these things, so His jealousy is justified; in contrast, God has given us everything and owes us nothing, so anything we are envious of is unjust.

Putredo ossuum invidia:
Envy is the rottenness of the bones.

Proverbs 14:30 (Vulgate)

Armed with knowledge about what envy is, we’re equiped to look at the virtues that fight against it. (Are you excited? I’m excited.)

What are your thoughts on envy? Do you have insight to add about God’s jealousy? I’m curious to hear it. Please let me know in the comments!